Humidity (h): Humidity levels affect plant transpiration and nutrient uptake. Ideal ranges depend on the growth stage but generally, vegetative stages prefer higher humidity (60-70%), and flowering stages lower (40-50%).
Temperature (t): Optimal temperatures are vital for plant metabolic processes. A range of 18°C to 26°C (65°F to 79°F) is common. Temperature also influences nutrient uptake and plant growth rates.
Electrical Conductivity (e): EC measures the nutrient solution's salt concentration, indicating how much nutrition is available to the plants. The optimal EC level varies by plant species and growth stage, generally within 1.2 to 2.0 mS/cm for most hydroponic crops.
pH (p): The pH level affects nutrient availability to plants. Most hydroponic systems work best within a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. Keeping pH within this range ensures nutrients are chemically available for plant uptake.
Light Intensity: For photosynthesis and to ensure healthy growth. Measured in PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) values, optimal levels depend on the plant type and growth stage.
CO2 Levels: Carbon dioxide enrichment can accelerate plant growth. Optimal levels range between 700 to 1500 ppm, depending on the crop and growth phase.
Oxygen Level in Nutrient Solution: Oxygen is crucial for root health. Ensuring the nutrient solution is well-oxygenated promotes healthy root development and efficient nutrient uptake.
Water Level and Flow Rate: Monitoring the water level ensures that plants receive adequate water and nutrients. The flow rate affects how nutrients are delivered to plant roots.
Nutrient Solution Temperature: Optimal nutrient solution temperatures are slightly lower than air temperature, ideally between 18°C to 22°C (64°F to 72°F), to maximize nutrient uptake and prevent root diseases.
Integrating these data points into an automated system enables precise control over the growing environment, optimizing plant health and yield.